Lesson 23 Bird flight鸟的飞行方法

No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen.

No + 名词 + 否定全句 ^{没有一个…会…}

• No money buys health.^{金钱买不到健康。}
• No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight.^{没有两种鸟会采用完全相同的飞行方式。}
• No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children.^{没有因在外谋生而导致的必要，就不会发生对孩子的忽视。}

practise / practice ^{经常做/习惯/习俗}

• Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.^{如今进行的几乎所有运动都是竞争性的。}
• We should practise saying "No" to unnecessary requests.^{我们应该练习对不必要的请求说“不”。}
• On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat — the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.^{另一方面，你对用动物脂肪炸土豆的想法会感到恶心——这在许多北方国家是普遍接受的做法。}

写作：分类句型 ^表达分类

• There are three categories of accommodation: economical, standard and deluxe.^{住宿有三种类别：经济型、标准型和豪华型。}
• Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories: tragedies, comedies and histories.^{莎士比亚的戏剧分为三类：悲剧、喜剧和历史剧。}

Any ship that crosses the Pacific is accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, which may keep company with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement of wing.

accompany / keep company with ^陪伴

• Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old.^{仅有的那些客栈通常又脏又满是跳蚤；食物只是当地奶酪，佐以通常有一年之久的面包。}
• I’ll keep you company tonight.^{今晚我会陪着你。}
• The albatross may keep company with the vessel for an hour.^{信天翁可能会陪伴船只一个小时。}

visible ^明显的

• Gradually the river grows wider... and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea.^{河流逐渐变宽...最终，没有任何明显的断裂，它们融入了大海。}
• The effects of the new policy are already visible.^{新政策的影响已经很明显了。}
• Despite the hard work, there was no visible sign of progress.^{尽管工作努力，但没有明显的进展迹象。}

more than + adj. ^{极其/非常（加强语气）}

• He is more than selfish.^{他极其自私。}
• The situation is more than clear.^{情况非常清楚。}
• The performance was more than wonderful.^{这场表演极其精彩。}

The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in the line of its course, are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress.

direct vt. ^{瞄准/指向/对准}

• All the criticism was directed at her.^{所有的批评都针对她。}
• The police directed traffic away from the accident scene.^{警察将车流引离事故现场。}
• The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards are enough to give the bird sustenance.^{船壁向上导流的气流足以给那只鸟提供支撑。}

写作仿写 ^{复杂主语结构仿写}

• The cooperating efforts of all the free people, as well as the wise leadership of Donald J. Trump are enough to give the great nation with a vast territory, a big population and a long history sufficient sustenance and progress.^{全体自由人民的共同努力，以及唐纳德·J·特朗普的英明领导，足以使这个幅员辽阔、人口众多、历史悠久的伟大国家持续和发展下去。}
• The new policies implemented by the council, as well as the strong support of the residents, are enough to ensure the revitalization of the town with its declining industry and aging population.^{理事会实施的新政策，以及居民的强力支持，足以确保这个工业衰退、人口老龄化的小镇的复兴。}
• The careful preparation of the team, as well as the timely investment from the donors, was enough to give the charity event with its ambitious goals a successful start.^{团队的精心准备，以及捐助者的及时投资，足以使这个有着雄心壮志的慈善活动取得成功开端。}

The albatross is the king of the gliders, the class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose, but must yield to its opposition.

be the king / queen of sth. ^{…中最好的/佼佼者}

• He is the new king of pop music.^{他是流行音乐的新一代王者。}
• She’s the reigning queen of crime writers.^{她是犯罪小说作家中的现任女王。}
• The albatross is the king of the gliders.^{信天翁是滑翔者中的王者。}

yield to / submit to / bow to / succumb to ^{屈服于/服从于}

• Both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life.^{两人都在漫长而充实的生活后，屈服于身体正常的衰老。}
• Troy must submit to my command to fight for me whenever I call.^{特洛伊必须服从我的命令，在我召唤时为我而战。}
• They are constantly after the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities.^{他们不断追赶海龟，而海龟平静地忍受着各种侮辱。}

In the contrary school, the duck is supreme.

school ^{流派/学派}

• He belongs to the Impressionist school of painting.^{他属于印象派画派。}
• The policy reflects the thinking of the monetarist school.^{这项政策反映了货币主义学派的思想。}
• The concept of "hundred schools of thought" refers to the philosophical diversity in ancient China.^{“百家争鸣”的概念指的是中国古代哲学思想的多样性。}

It comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air, as he boasts.

come nearer to ^{更像/更接近}

• Her singing style comes nearer to jazz than traditional blues.^{她的演唱风格更接近爵士乐而非传统蓝调。}
• The duck's flight pattern comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air.^{鸭子的飞行模式更接近于人类'征服'天空所用的发动机。}
• The final product should come nearer to the original design concept.^{最终产品应该更接近最初的设计理念。}

man / mankind / the human race ^代词指代

• Man has his problems.^{人类（个体）有他自己的问题。}
• Mankind / The human race has its problems.^{人类（整体）有其自身的问题。}
• It comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air, as he boasts.^{它更接近于人类'征服'天空所用的发动机，正如他所吹嘘的那样。}

boast of / about / that ^{吹牛/夸耀}

• The team boasts of its undefeated season.^{该队夸耀其不败赛季。}
• He always boasts that he was the top student in his class.^{他总是吹嘘自己是班上最好的学生。}
• Often a valley boasted no inn at all.^{通常一个山谷根本就没有旅馆。（物作主语，表示“拥有好的东西”）}

Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with steel-like muscles, that are a good part of the weight of the bird, and these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows.

-like ^{像…的（复合形容词）}

• Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.^{美洲狮是生活在美洲的，像猫一样的大型动物。}
• He displays a child-like simplicity in his views on life.^{他对生活的看法表现出孩子般的单纯。}
• The patient reported suffering from flu-like symptoms.^{病人报告出现了流感样的症状。}

a good part of... ^{很大一部分…/很多}

• He earns good money.^{他赚了很多钱。}
• We’ve walked a good distance today.^{我们今天走了很长一段距离。}
• The muscles constitute a good part of the weight of the bird.^{这些肌肉构成了那只鸟体重很大的一部分。}

ply the wings ^{来回摆动翅膀}

• The rowers plied the oars tirelessly across the lake.^{划船者不知疲倦地在湖上来回摆动船桨。}
• The waiter plied him with drinks all evening.^{服务员整晚不停地给他提供饮料。（引申义：源源不断地提供）}
• These muscles will ply the short wings with such irresistible power.^{这些肌肉将以如此不可抗拒的力量来回摆动短小的翅膀。}

bore for long distances ^{穿行很长距离（夸张）}

• I didn’t sleep a wink last night.^{我昨晚一眼都没合。}
• She cried her eyes out when she heard the news.^{听到消息后她哭得眼睛都肿了。}
• The car cost him an arm and a leg.^{这辆车花了他一大笔钱。}

opposing / adverse / unfavorable gale / wind ^逆风

• Sailors struggled against the adverse wind for days.^{水手们与逆风搏斗了数日。}
• The birds can bore through an opposing gale for long distances.^{这些鸟可以穿过逆风飞很长距离。}
• The team faced unfavorable winds in the final leg of the race.^{该队在比赛的最后阶段面临着逆风。}

before ^{才（强调主句时间长）}

• It will be a long time before we meet again.^{我们要过很久才能再次相见。}
• He saw that it was one o’clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.^{他看到是一点钟，但铃响了十三下才停下来。}
• They can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows.^{他们可以穿过逆风飞很长距离，然后（才）精疲力尽。}

Their humbler followers, such as partridges, have a like power of strong propulsion, but soon tire.

like ^{类似的（只能作前置定语）}

• Their humbler followers, such as partridges, have a like power of strong propulsion.^{它们地位较低的追随者，例如鹧鸪，有着相似的强劲推进力。}
• We offer like products at competitive prices.^{我们以有竞争力的价格提供类似的产品。}
• We are looking for someone with like interests to join our club.^{我们正在寻找有相似兴趣的人加入我们的俱乐部。}

You may pick them up in utter exhaustion, if wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey.

utter ^{完全的/十足的/彻底的}

• That’s utter nonsense.^{那是彻头彻尾的胡言乱语。}
• He looked at me in utter disbelief.^{他以完全不相信的眼神看着我。}
• She gazed at me in utter confusion.^{她完全困惑地盯着我看。}

The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure.

share ^{有共同的/分享}

• We share an interest in botany.^{我们对植物学有着共同的兴趣。}
• Not everyone will share your enthusiasm for the plan.^{不是每个人都会对你的计划抱有和你一样的热情。}
• That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. In some moods, Nature shares it.^{所有伟大的艺术都有这种暗示超越世界的力量是不可否认的。在某些情绪下，大自然也拥有这种力量。}

virtue ^{优点/长处}

• The new design’s main virtue is its simplicity.^{新设计的主要优点是简洁性。}
• The swallow shares the virtues of both schools.^{燕子拥有这两个流派的共同优点。}
• Running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.^{跑步、跳跃和踢球被认为是检验民族美德的标准。}

in highest measure ^{在最大程度上}

• She contributed in highest measure to the success of the project.^{她为项目的成功做出了最大程度的贡献。}
• The new law will solve the traffic problems in great measure.^{新法律将在很大程度上解决交通问题。}
• The true value of a human being is determined primarily by the measure and the sense in which he has attained liberation from the self.^{一个人的真正价值主要取决于他在多大程度上以及以何种方式实现了自我解放。}

It tires not, nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air travelling it may be 6,000 miles to and from its northern nesting home, feeding its flown young as it flies, and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse.

It tires not. ^{它不知疲倦（古英语否定形式）}

• She loves me not.^{她不爱我。（相当于 She doesn’t love me.）}
• And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.^{因此，我的美国同胞们，不要问你的国家能为你做什么；要问你能为你的国家做什么。}
• The swallow tires not, nor does it boast of its power.^{燕子不知疲倦，也不夸耀它的力量。}

nor does it... ^{也不…（nor引导的并列否定句，部分倒装）}

• Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.^{蜘蛛不是昆虫，正如许多人认为的那样，甚至与昆虫没有近亲关系。}
• He didn't call, nor did he send a message.^{他没有打电话，也没有发信息。}
• The company didn't apologize, nor did it offer a refund.^{公司没有道歉，也没有提供退款。}

nesting home ^{筑巢的老家}

• Birds migrate back to their nesting homes every spring.^{鸟类每年春天都会迁徙回它们的筑巢老家。}
• The scientists tracked the sea turtles back to their nesting home on the remote beach.^{科学家们追踪海龟回到了它们在偏远海滩上的筑巢老家。}
• The swallow travels to and from its northern nesting home.^{燕子来回于它北方的筑巢老家。}

young (n.) ^{幼崽/幼兽/幼鸟}

• The mother fox and her young were hiding in the den.^{狐狸妈妈和她的幼崽躲在巢穴里。}
• The swallow is feeding its flown young as it flies.^{燕子一边飞翔一边喂养它已长大的幼鸟。}
• The lioness protected her young fiercely.^{母狮凶猛地保护着她的幼崽。}

slip (v.) ^{滑行/溜走/悄悄移动}

• He slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.^{他踩到一块冰上滑倒，摔断了左腿。}
• The letter was slipped under your door.^{信被悄悄塞进了你的门下。}
• He slipped quietly out of the room.^{他悄悄地溜出了房间。}

medium (n.) ^{媒介/介质（复数：media）}

• Air is the medium through which sound travels.^{空气是声音传播的介质。}
• The swallow is slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage.^{燕子正在穿过似乎有助于它通过的介质。}
• Television is a popular medium of communication.^{电视是一种流行的传播媒介。（复数：media）}

Such birds do us good, though we no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that; and even the most superstitious villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie and wish it good-morning.

do sb. good / do sb. harm ^{对…有益/有害}

• I think a trip to the beach would do us all a lot of good.^{我认为去海滩旅行会对我们所有人都有好处。}
• The occasional piece of candy doesn’t do you any harm.^{偶尔吃一块糖果不会对你造成任何伤害。}
• Such birds do us good.^{这样的鸟对我们有益。}

take omens from / take sth. as omens for ^{用…占卜吉凶/把…当做征兆}

• Ancient priests used to take omens from the flight of birds.^{古代祭司过去常常利用鸟类的飞行来占卜吉凶。}
• She took all the little things that happened that day as omens for their future married life.^{她把那天发生的所有小事都当作他们未来婚姻生活的征兆。}
• We no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that.^{我们不再从它们飞向这一边或那一边来占卜吉凶。}

superstitious / superstition ^{迷信的/迷信}

• The villagers were very superstitious about black cats.^{村民们对黑猫非常迷信。}
• We should try to break down superstition.^{我们应该努力打破迷信。}
• Education can help people to overcome superstition.^{教育可以帮助人们克服迷信。}