Lesson 23 Bird flight鸟的飞行方法

No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen.

No 位于句首  ^{（否定全句） 没有一个…会…}

• No money buys health.^{金钱买不到健康。}
• No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to 'buy' an education for his child.

practise / practice ^{经常做/习惯/习俗}

• Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.
• We should practise saying "No" to unnecessary requests.^{我们应该练习对不必要的请求说“不”。}
• On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat — the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.^{n. 惯常做的事；习惯；习俗}

No two individuals share quite the same pattern of fingerprints; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen: whorl and loop.^{没有任何两个人的指纹是一模一样的。指纹的种类千差万别， 但大体上可以分为两种：斗和簸箕。}

分类句型 ^{表达分类(写作)}

• There are three categories of accommodation: economical, standard and deluxe.^{住宿有三种类别：经济型、标准型和豪华型。}
• I've earned my own living since I was seven, doing all kinds of jobs. ^{我自从7岁就自己谋生，做各种各样的工作。}
• They bring back cinnamon, nutmeg, and all sorts of valuables. ^{他们带回来肉桂、肉豆蔻和各种贵重物品。}
• Those cells divide and give many other different types of cells. ^{那些细胞分裂后形成许多其他不同类型的细胞。}
• The default is to search for all categories of vehicles. ^{默认的设置是在所有的 汽车 分类中搜索。}
• The central nervous system can be divided into three classes of neuromeres. ^{中枢神经系统可分为三类间体。}

Any ship that crosses the Pacific is accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, which may keep company with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement of wing.

accompany / keep company with ^{（主动）陪伴(be accompanied by ... 被…陪伴)}

• Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old.
• I’ll keep you company tonight.^{今晚我会陪着你。}
• The albatross may keep company with the vessel for an hour.^{信天翁可能会陪伴船只一个小时。}

visible ^{adj.明显的}

• Gradually the river grows wider... and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea.
• The effects of the new policy are already visible.^{新政策的影响已经很明显了。}
• Despite the hard work, there was no visible sign of progress.^{尽管工作努力，但没有明显的进展迹象。}

more than + adj. ^{极其/非常（加强语气）}

• He is more than selfish.^{他极其自私。}
• The situation is more than clear.^{情况非常清楚。}
• The performance was more than wonderful.^{这场表演极其精彩。}

The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in the line of its course, are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress.

direct ^{vt. aim; point 超某个方向指/指向/对准/瞄准}

• All the criticism was directed at her.^{所有的批评都针对她。}
• The police directed traffic away from the accident scene.^{警察将车流引离事故现场。}
• The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards are enough to give the bird sustenance.^{船壁向上导流的气流足以给那只鸟提供支撑。}

Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake — a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans. ^{考研英语（英译汉）}

句型仿写 ^{复杂主语结构仿写}

• The cooperating efforts of all the free people (the Chinese people), as well as the wise leadership of Donald J. Trump (the Communist Party) , are enough to give the great nation with a vast territory, a big population and a long history sufficient sustenance and progress.^{全体自由人民的共同努力，以及唐纳德·J·特朗普的英明领导，足以使这个幅员辽阔、人口众多、历史悠久的伟大国家持续和发展下去。}
• The new policies implemented by the council, as well as the strong support of the residents, are enough to ensure the revitalization of the town with its declining industry and aging population.^{理事会实施的新政策，以及居民的强力支持，足以确保这个工业衰退、人口老龄化的小镇的复兴。}
• The careful preparation of the team, as well as the timely investment from the donors, was enough to give the charity event with its ambitious goals a successful start.^{团队的精心准备，以及捐助者的及时投资，足以使这个有着雄心壮志的慈善活动取得成功开端。}

The albatross is the king of the gliders, the class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose, but must yield to its opposition.

be the king / queen of sth. ^{…中最好的/佼佼者}

• He is the new king of pop music.^{他是流行音乐的新一代王者。}
• She’s the reigning queen of crime writers.^{她是犯罪小说作家中的现任女王。}

yield to ^{屈服于/服从于}

One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died “full of years,” as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. ^阅读真题

• First, you must give Helen back to my brother. Second, Troy must submit to my command to fight for me whenever I call. ^{...特洛伊必须服从我的命令，在我召唤时为我而战。}
• They are constantly after the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities.
• The government finally decided to yield to public pressure on the new tax proposal. ^{政府最终决定屈服于公众对新税收提案的压力。}

In the contrary school, the duck is supreme.

school ^{n.流派/学派}

• He belongs to the Impressionist school of painting.^{他属于印象派画派。}
• The policy reflects the thinking of the monetarist school.^{这项政策反映了货币主义学派的思想。}
• Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.
• The concept of "hundred schools of thought" refers to the philosophical diversity in ancient China.^{“百家争鸣”的概念指的是中国古代哲学思想的多样性。}

the duck is supreme. ⇒ The duck is the king of the contrary school.

It comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air, as he boasts.

come nearer to ^{更像/更接近}

It is similar to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air, as he boasts. ^替换表达

• Her singing style comes nearer to jazz than traditional blues.^{她的演唱风格更接近爵士乐而非传统蓝调。}
• The duck's flight pattern comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air.^{鸭子的飞行模式更接近于人类'征服'天空所用的发动机。}
• The final product should come nearer to the original design concept.^{最终产品应该更接近最初的设计理念。}

man → he / mankind / the human race → it ^代词指代

• Man has his problems.^{人类（个体）有他自己的问题。}
• Mankind / The human race has its problems.^{人类（整体）有其自身的问题。}
• Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge.

boast of / about  ^{吹牛/夸耀}

If, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks, it may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks. ^{关系代词在定语从句里做主语}
Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney.

• The team boasts of its undefeated season.^{该队夸耀其不败赛季。}
• He always boasts that he was the top student in his class.^{他总是吹嘘自己是班上最好的学生。}
• Often a valley boasted no inn at all.^{通常一个山谷根本就没有旅馆。（物作主语，表示“拥有好的东西”）}
• She constantly boasts about her successful career and wealth. ^{她不断吹嘘她成功的事业和财富。}

Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with steel-like muscles, that are a good part of the weight of the bird, and these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows.

-like ^{像…的（复合形容词）}

• Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.^{美洲狮是生活在美洲的，像猫一样的大型动物。}
• He displays a child-like simplicity in his views on life.^{他对生活的看法表现出孩子般的单纯。}
• The patient reported suffering from flu-like symptoms.^{病人报告出现了流感样的症状。}
• When the woman shook her head in bewilderment, Harry went on to explain that 'myrolite' was a hard, amber-like substance which could be used to remove freckles.
• As is shown in the picture, there is a cobweb-like structure with separate compartments packed in it.

Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. ^(CET-4)

a good part of... ^{很大一部分…/很多}

• He earns good money.^{他赚了很多钱。}
• We’ve walked a good distance today.^{我们今天走了很长一段距离。}
• Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded.

ply sb. with sth. ^{给某人源源不断地提供…}

• The rowers plied the oars tirelessly across the lake.^{划船者不知疲倦地在湖上来回摆动船桨。}
• The waiter plied him with drinks all evening.^{服务员整晚不停地给他提供饮料。（引申义：源源不断地提供）}
• The waiters kept plying the guests with champagne all evening. ^{服务员整个晚上都在不断地向客人们提供香槟。}

bore for long distances ^{穿行很长距离（夸张）}

• I didn’t sleep a wink last night.^{我昨晚一眼都没合。}
• She cried her eyes out when she heard the news.^{听到消息后她哭得眼睛都肿了。}
• The car cost him an arm and a leg.^{这辆车花了他一大笔钱。}

夸张修辞 (hyperbole) ^{增强表达效果}

白发三千丈, 缘愁似个长;危楼高百尺, 手可摘星辰;燕山雪花大如席, 片片吹落轩辕台 ^{中文夸张修辞}

• It was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic equipment.
• Everybody was clapping their hands off.
• I didn’t sleep a wink last night.
• He has a skeleton of a wife.
• It was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic equipment.
• a chance in a million
• His anger nearly burst his belly. 
• She cried her eyes out.
• The car cost him an arm and a leg.

For she was beautiful — her beauty made the bright world dim, and everything beside seemed like the fleeting image of a shade. ^{—— P. B. Shelley ‘The Witch of Atlas’}

opposing / adverse / unfavorable gale / wind ^逆风

• Sailors struggled against the adverse wind for days.^{水手们与逆风搏斗了数日。}
• The team faced unfavorable winds in the final leg of the race.^{该队在比赛的最后阶段面临着逆风。}

before ^{才（强调主句时间长）;然后；直到；就(强调主句的时间很短时)}

• I shaved before I went to the party.
• Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney.
• Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.
• It will be a long time before we meet again.^{我们要过很久才能再次相见。}
• I hadn’t waited long before he came. 
•  …, but I decided to disembark before^{（连词、然后）}I bought anything. ⇒  …, but I decided to disembark before^{（介词、然后）}buying anything.

Marxist convictions plied the Red Army with such irresistible power that they trekked for 25,000 li over snow-capped mountains and grassy swamps before they reached the town of Wuqi, destination of the Long March.^{马克思主义的信念源源不断地给与红军巨大的动力，他们翻雪山、过草地，跋涉两万五干里，直到到达了长征的终点—吴起镇。}

Their humbler followers, such as partridges, have a like power of strong propulsion, but soon tire.

like ^{类似的（只能作前置定语）}

• Their humbler followers, such as partridges, have a like power of strong propulsion.^{它们地位较低的追随者，例如鹧鸪，有着相似的强劲推进力。}
• We offer like products at competitive prices.^{我们以有竞争力的价格提供类似的产品。}
• We are looking for someone with like interests to join our club.^{我们正在寻找有相似兴趣的人加入我们的俱乐部。}

You may pick them up in utter exhaustion, if wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey.

utter ^{完全的/十足的/彻底的}

• That’s utter nonsense.^{那是彻头彻尾的胡言乱语。}
• He looked at me in utter disbelief.^{他以完全不相信的眼神看着我。}
• She gazed at me in utter confusion.^{她完全困惑地盯着我看。}

The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure.

share ^{有共同的/分享}

• We share an interest in botany.^{我们对植物学有着共同的兴趣。}
• Not everyone will share your enthusiasm for the plan.^{不是每个人都会对你的计划抱有和你一样的热情。}
• That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. In some moods, Nature shares it.^{所有伟大的艺术都有这种暗示超越世界的力量是不可否认的。在某些情绪下，大自然也拥有这种力量。}

virtue ^{优点/长处}

• The new design’s main virtue is its simplicity.^{新设计的主要优点是简洁性。}
• The swallow shares the virtues of both schools.^{燕子拥有这两个流派的共同优点。}
• Running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.^{跑步、跳跃和踢球被认为是检验民族美德的标准。}

in highest measure ^{在最大程度上}

• She contributed in highest measure to the success of the project.^{她为项目的成功做出了最大程度的贡献。}
• The new law will solve the traffic problems in great measure.^{新法律将在很大程度上解决交通问题。}
• The true value of a human being is determined primarily by the measure and the sense in which he has attained liberation from the self.^{一个人的真正价值主要取决于他在多大程度上以及以何种方式实现了自我解放。}

It tires not, nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air travelling it may be 6,000 miles to and from its northern nesting home, feeding its flown young as it flies, and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse.

It tires not. ^{它不知疲倦（古英语否定形式）}

• She loves me not.^{她不爱我。（相当于 She doesn’t love me.）}
• And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.^{因此，我的美国同胞们，不要问你的国家能为你做什么；要问你能为你的国家做什么。}
• The swallow tires not, nor does it boast of its power.^{燕子不知疲倦，也不夸耀它的力量。}

nor does it... ^{也不…（nor引导的并列否定句，部分倒装）}

• Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.^{蜘蛛不是昆虫，正如许多人认为的那样，甚至与昆虫没有近亲关系。}
• He didn't call, nor did he send a message.^{他没有打电话，也没有发信息。}
• The company didn't apologize, nor did it offer a refund.^{公司没有道歉，也没有提供退款。}

nesting home ^{筑巢的老家}

• Birds migrate back to their nesting homes every spring.^{鸟类每年春天都会迁徙回它们的筑巢老家。}
• The scientists tracked the sea turtles back to their nesting home on the remote beach.^{科学家们追踪海龟回到了它们在偏远海滩上的筑巢老家。}
• The swallow travels to and from its northern nesting home.^{燕子来回于它北方的筑巢老家。}

young (n.) ^{幼崽/幼兽/幼鸟}

• The mother fox and her young were hiding in the den.^{狐狸妈妈和她的幼崽躲在巢穴里。}
• The swallow is feeding its flown young as it flies.^{燕子一边飞翔一边喂养它已长大的幼鸟。}
• The lioness protected her young fiercely.^{母狮凶猛地保护着她的幼崽。}

slip (v.) ^{滑行/溜走/悄悄移动}

• He slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.^{他踩到一块冰上滑倒，摔断了左腿。}
• The letter was slipped under your door.^{信被悄悄塞进了你的门下。}
• He slipped quietly out of the room.^{他悄悄地溜出了房间。}

medium (n.) ^{媒介/介质（复数：media）}

• Air is the medium through which sound travels.^{空气是声音传播的介质。}
• The swallow is slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage.^{燕子正在穿过似乎有助于它通过的介质。}
• Television is a popular medium of communication.^{电视是一种流行的传播媒介。（复数：media）}

Such birds do us good, though we no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that; and even the most superstitious villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie and wish it good-morning.

do sb. good / do sb. harm ^{对…有益/有害}

• I think a trip to the beach would do us all a lot of good.^{我认为去海滩旅行会对我们所有人都有好处。}
• The occasional piece of candy doesn’t do you any harm.^{偶尔吃一块糖果不会对你造成任何伤害。}
• Such birds do us good.^{这样的鸟对我们有益。}

take omens from / take sth. as omens for ^{用…占卜吉凶/把…当做征兆}

• Ancient priests used to take omens from the flight of birds.^{古代祭司过去常常利用鸟类的飞行来占卜吉凶。}
• She took all the little things that happened that day as omens for their future married life.^{她把那天发生的所有小事都当作他们未来婚姻生活的征兆。}
• We no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that.^{我们不再从它们飞向这一边或那一边来占卜吉凶。}

superstitious / superstition ^{迷信的/迷信}

• The villagers were very superstitious about black cats.^{村民们对黑猫非常迷信。}
• We should try to break down superstition.^{我们应该努力打破迷信。}
• Education can help people to overcome superstition.^{教育可以帮助人们克服迷信。}