Lesson 10 Silicon valley硅谷

Silicon valley

California ^{加利福尼亚（美国西部州名）}

• California^{加利福尼亚} is the third largest state in the United States.
• The state of California^{加利福尼亚州} borders the Pacific Ocean.
• San Francisco is located in California^{加利福尼亚}.

Silicon Valley ^硅谷

• Silicon Valley^硅谷 is a region of western California, south of San Francisco.
• It is a center of the computer industry, based on the silicon chip^硅芯片.
• Many important inventions were made in Silicon Valley^硅谷.

Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future.

trend ^{趋势；潮流}

• The current trend^{当前的趋势} is towards remote work.
• We need to follow the latest fashion trends^时尚潮流.
• There is a growing trend^{一种日益增长的趋势} for healthier eating.

Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now workstations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.

California Institute of Technology (CIT) ^{加州理工学院（高等院校）}

• She received her degree from the California Institute of Technology^{加州理工学院}.
• Harvard University^哈佛大学 is one of the oldest universities in the US.
• He is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology^{麻省理工学院} (MIT).

note ^{注意到；提及、说、谈到}

• Note how she is holding^{注意她是如何拿着} her racket.
• The speaker noted^{演讲者提到} that the economy was improving.
• He noted^他注意到 a slight change in her expression.

workstation ^工作站

• The engineers each have a powerful workstation^工作站 on their desk.
• He spends all day at his workstation^工作站 developing software.
• The design team needs new high-performance workstations^工作站.

enable sb. to do ^{使某人能做某事}

• New technology enables us to communicate^{使我们能够交流} instantly.

newsletter ^{时事通讯；简报}

• An editor creates a newsletter^时事通讯 on a Macintosh.
• The club sends out a weekly newsletter^简报 to its members.
• I subscribed to their email newsletter^电子简报 to get updates.

Macintosh (Mac) ^苹果电脑

• She prefers using a Macintosh^苹果电脑 for graphic design.
• The software is compatible with Macintosh^苹果电脑 operating systems.
• The first Mac^苹果电脑 personal computer was developed in 1984.

much the way... ^{与...差不多；正如...那样}

• The steak is cooked much the way^{正如...那样} I like it.
• The patient's situation is much the same^{情况差不多}.
• Internet technology enables you to make purchases at home, much the way^{与...差不多} you do in regular shops.

As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.

表达“下降” ^{下降（到）...}

表达“上升” ^{上升（到）...}

暗喻 Metaphor (喻体全隐式) ^{通过动词联想喻体}

• ...engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar^{让他们的想象力翱翔（比喻成鸟）} without being penalized by expensive failures.
• His hunger gnawed at^{他的饥饿啃噬着（比喻成动物）} him.
• Some books are to be tasted^品尝, others to be swallowed^吞咽 and some few to be chewed and digested^{咀嚼和消化（把书比喻成食物）}.

Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office -- spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U. S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast.

foretell / predict ^预言...

• It is impossible to foretell the exact nature^{不可能预言确切的性质} of the difficulties which will confront the pot-holer.
• ...an Englishman, Leon Bagrit, was able to predict some of the uses^{预言了一些用途} of computers which we know today.
• Timely snow foretells a bumper harvest^{及时下雪预示着丰收}.

perfect ^{使完美；使熟练}

• The violinist spent years perfecting his technique^{完善他的技术}.
• He is determined to perfect his English pronunciation^{完善他的英语发音}.
• She worked hard to perfect the presentation^{使演示文稿完美}.

start-up ^{小型、新诞生的公司}

• He joined an Internet start-up^{互联网初创公司} right after college.
• The new policy aims to encourage more technology start-ups^{初创科技公司}.
• A new generation of garage start-ups^{车库初创公司} will be spawned.

get a jump on sb. ^{得到了超越某人的优势}

• The US gained a jump on its foreign rivals^{获得了超越其外国竞争对手的优势}.

'We've got more garages with smart people,' Mead observes. 'We really thrive on anarchy.'

thrive on sth. ^{因...蓬勃发展；在...中旺盛生长（尤指别人不喜欢的事物）}

• He thrives on criticism^{他因批评而蓬勃发展/越挫越勇}.
• She seems to thrive on^{她似乎因...而旺盛生长} pressure.
• Some plants thrive on poor soil^{一些植物在贫瘠的土壤中旺盛生长}.

anarchy ^{（派生）看似比较混乱的状态}

• The company operates in a state of creative anarchy^{创造性的混乱状态}.
• The sudden collapse of government led to complete anarchy^{彻底的混乱}.
• They believe that the current anarchy^{当前的混乱状态} is necessary for innovation.

And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms.

constitute / make up / compose / comprise ^{组成、构成、形成}

• One hundred members constitute^组成 / make up^构成 / compose^组成 / comprise^组成 the committee.
• Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority^{构成了大部分} of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms.
• Women make up^构成 about 50% of the workforce.

comprise / be made up of / be composed of / consist of ^由...构成

• The committee comprises^由...构成 / is made up of^由...构成 / is composed of^由...组成 / consists of^由...组成 100 members.

表达“大多数、少数” ^比例表达

engineering ^{工程，工程学}

• He is studying biological engineering^生物工程 at university.
• She works in software engineering^软件工程.
• The bridge is a marvel of modern engineering^工程学.

And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges.

Korean ^{韩国人的/语；韩国人/语；朝鲜人的/语；朝鲜人/语}

• She is learning the Korean^韩语 language.
• The two countries are the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK)^朝鲜.
• He is an exchange student from a Korean^韩国的 university.

Filipino ^{菲律宾人/语；菲律宾的}

• Many Filipino^菲律宾人 nurses work abroad.
• He speaks both English and Filipino^菲律宾语.
• The capital of the Philippines^菲律宾 is Manila.

As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge tighter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets.

draw on sth. ^{凭借；利用；动用}

• It was a challenge, but luckily we had the experience to draw on^可以利用.
• The author drew on^{作者利用了} her own childhood for the novel.
• They had to draw on^{他们不得不动用} their savings to pay the bills.

rim ^边，边缘

• The company focuses on Pacific Rim markets^{环太平洋市场}.
• We are studying the climate patterns of the Pacific Rim^{环太平洋地区} weather.
• The plate had a gold rim^边缘.

For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market.

Ph.D. (PhD) ^{哲学博士；泛指博士}

• She is studying for her Ph.D.^博士学位 in literature.
• He earned his doctor of philosophy^哲学博士 degree at Oxford.
• The project requires someone with a PhD^博士学位 in chemistry.

a lock on sth. ^{对于...的控制、垄断}

• Japan has a near lock on the memory-chip market^{对内存芯片市场近乎垄断的控制}.
• The company has a complete lock on the local telecom market^{对本地电信市场完全垄断}.
• They are trying to get a lock on the new technology^{控制新的技术}.

India-born N. Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT&T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri.

AT&T ^{美国电话电报公司（美国最大的电信公司）}

• AT&T^{美国电话电报公司} is based in New York City.
• The company reopened an AT&T^{美国电话电报公司} chip plant.
• He worked for AT&T^{美国电话电报公司} for twenty years.

financing ^资助

• The project secured necessary financing^资助 from the bank.
• The company reopened the plant with financing^资助 from the state of Missouri.
• They are looking for external financing^外部资助.

Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.

Before it becomes a retirement village ^{在其不再在计算机行业处于领先地位之前（言下之意）}

• Before it becomes a retirement village^{在其不再处于领先地位之前}, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom...
• We must adapt to change before it is too late^{在为时已晚之前}.
• The system needs an update before it malfunctions^{在它发生故障之前}.

Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business ^{（言下之意）如果你想建立一个全球性的公司，你会从硅谷学到很多。}

• Silicon Valley may prove a classroom^{硅谷可能会被证明是一个课堂} for building a global business.
• The experience proved invaluable^{这次经历被证明是无价的} to his career.
• His theory proved correct^{他的理论被证明是正确的}.

business ^{公司（可数）；商业、生意（不可数）}

• She runs a small catering business^公司.
• He is trying to learn more about international business^{商业/生意}.
• They own several successful businesses^公司 in the city.