Lesson 42 Recording and earthquake记录地震

An earthquake comes like a thief in the night, without warning.

comes like a thief in the night ^{不期而至/像夜间的盗贼一样到来}

• The sudden market crash **comes like a thief in the night**, surprising everyone.^{突然的市场崩盘不期而至，让所有人都感到意外。}
• Illness can sometimes **come like a thief in the night**, rapidly changing one's life.^{疾病有时会像夜间的盗贼一样到来，迅速改变一个人的生活。}
• The unexpected heavy snowstorm **came like a thief in the night**, paralyzing the city.^{这场突如其来的大暴雪不期而至，使城市陷入瘫痪。}

without warning ^{没有警告/毫无预兆}

• An earthquake comes like a thief in the night, **without warning**.^{地震像夜间的盗贼一样到来，毫无预兆。}
• The system failed **without warning**, causing massive data loss.^{系统在毫无预兆的情况下失败了，导致大规模数据丢失。}
• The animal attacked the hunter **without warning**.^{那只动物毫无预兆地袭击了猎人。}

It was necessary, therefore, to invent instruments that neither slumbered nor slept.

therefore ^{因此/所以}

• It was necessary, **therefore**, to invent instruments.^{因此，发明仪器是必要的。}
• The road was slick with ice; **therefore**, we drove cautiously.^{道路上结了一层冰；因此，我们小心翼翼地开车。}
• She missed the deadline for the application; **therefore**, her request was denied.^{她错过了申请截止日期；因此，她的请求被拒绝了。}

neither slumbered nor slept ^{既不打盹也不睡觉/时刻保持警醒}

• Instruments that **neither slumbered nor slept** were invented.^{发明了既不打盹也不睡觉的仪器。}
• The security system was designed to **neither slumber nor sleep**, monitoring 24/7.^{该安全系统被设计成时刻保持警醒，进行24/7的监控。}
• In times of crisis, the emergency team must **neither slumber nor sleep** until the threat is neutralized.^{在危机时期，应急小组必须时刻保持警醒，直到威胁被消除。}

Some devices were quite simple.

quite simple ^相当简单

• Some devices were **quite simple**.^{有些设备相当简单。}
• The instructions for assembling the furniture were **quite simple**.^{组装家具的说明相当简单。}
• The solution to the complex problem turned out to be **quite simple**.^{这个复杂问题的解决方案结果是相当简单。}

One, for instance, consisted of rods of various lengths and thicknesses which would stand up on end like ninepins.

for instance ^例如

• One, **for instance**, consisted of rods.^{例如，其中一个由杆组成。}
• Many countries, **for instance**, Germany and France, use the Euro currency.^{许多国家，例如德国和法国，使用欧元。}
• You should add more details to your report, **for instance**, specific sales figures.^{你应该在你的报告中添加更多细节，例如，具体的销售数字。}

consisted of ^{由…组成/构成}

• One, for instance, **consisted of rods** of various lengths and thicknesses.^{例如，其中一个由各种长度和厚度的杆组成。}
• The original menu only **consisted of five items**.^{最初的菜单只由五道菜组成。}
• The exhibit hall mainly **consisted of interactive displays** and video screens.^{这个展厅主要由互动展示和视频屏幕构成。}

stand up on end like ninepins ^{像九柱戏的木瓶一样立着}

• Rods of various lengths and thicknesses which would **stand up on end like ninepins**.^{各种长度和厚度的杆，它们会像九柱戏的木瓶一样立着。}
• The pillars were placed close together, **standing up on end like ninepins**.^{柱子被紧密地放置在一起，像九柱戏的木瓶一样立着。}

When a shock came, it shook the rigid table upon which these stood.

a shock came ^震动来临 

• When **a shock came**, it shook the rigid table.^{当震动来临时，它摇动了坚硬的桌子。}
• The room fell silent as soon as **a shock came**.^{震动来临后，房间立刻变得安静。}
• The engineers were prepared for the moment **a shock came**.^{工程师们为震动来临的那一刻做好了准备。}

shook the rigid table ^{摇动了坚硬的桌子}

• It **shook the rigid table** upon which these stood.^{它摇动了这些东西立在其上的坚硬的桌子。}
• The powerful explosion **shook the rigid foundation** of the building.^{强大的爆炸摇动了建筑物的坚硬基础。}

upon which (Formal Structure) ^{在其上（正式结构）}

• It shook the rigid table **upon which these stood**.^{它摇动了这些东西立在其上的坚硬的桌子。}
• The foundation is the base **upon which the entire structure rests**.^{地基是整个结构立在其上的基础。}
• That decision was the turning point **upon which his whole career hinged**.^{那个决定是他的整个职业生涯所依赖的转折点。}

If it were gentle, only the more unstable rods fell.

If it were severe, they all fell.

If it were gentle/severe (Subjunctive Mood) ^{如果是轻微的/严重的（虚拟语气）}

• **If it were gentle**, only the more unstable rods fell.^{如果是轻微的，只有更不稳定的杆子倒下。}
• **If it were severe**, they all fell.^{如果是严重的，它们都会倒下。}
• **If it were I**, I would choose the more challenging option.^{如果是我，我会选择更具挑战性的选项。}

unstable rods ^{不稳定的杆}

• Only the more **unstable rods** fell.^{只有更不稳定的杆子倒下。}
• The wind easily knocked over the **unstable rods** holding the tent.^{风轻易地吹倒了支撑帐篷的不稳定的杆。}

Thus the rods, by falling, and by the direction in which they fell, recorded for the slumbering scientist the strength of a shock that was too weak to waken him, and the direction from which it came.

Thus ^{因此/这样}

• **Thus** the rods, by falling, recorded the strength of a shock.^{因此，这些杆子通过倒下，记录了震动的强度。}
• The team followed every step precisely; **thus**, the experiment was a success.^{团队精确地遵循了每一步；因此，实验取得了成功。}
• They cut costs aggressively; **thus**, their profit margins improved significantly.^{他们积极地削减成本；因此，他们的利润率显着提高。}

by falling, and by the direction in which they fell ^{通过倒下，以及通过它们倒下的方向}

• The rods, **by falling, and by the direction in which they fell**, recorded the strength and direction.^{这些杆子，通过倒下，以及通过它们倒下的方向，记录了强度和方向。}
• The data was analyzed, **by measuring the depth of the mark, and by the direction in which the tool was pulled**.^{通过测量标记的深度，以及通过工具被拉动的方向，数据得到了分析。}

recorded for the slumbering scientist ^{为沉睡中的科学家记录下来}

• The rods **recorded for the slumbering scientist** the strength of a shock.^{这些杆子为沉睡中的科学家记录了震动的强度。}
• The automatic camera **recorded for the slumbering photographer** the rare night migration.^{这台自动相机为沉睡中的摄影师记录了罕见的夜间迁徙。}

a shock that was too weak to waken him ^{弱到无法唤醒他的震动}

• The strength of **a shock that was too weak to waken him**.^{一个弱到无法唤醒他的震动的强度。}
• The noise was **too weak to waken the baby**.^{噪音弱到无法唤醒婴儿。}
• She whispered **a warning that was too weak to waken the guard**.^{她低声说了一个弱到无法唤醒警卫的警告。}

But instruments far more delicate than that were needed if any really serious advance was to be made.

far more delicate than that ^{远比那要精细/灵敏得多}

• But instruments **far more delicate than that** were needed.^{但是，如果想取得任何真正重大的进展，就需要远比那要精细得多的仪器。}
• The new sensor is **far more delicate than that** used in the previous model.^{新的传感器远比以前型号中使用的要精细得多。}
• Handling the ancient manuscript requires tools **far more delicate than that** normally used in a library.^{处理这份古代手稿需要远比通常在图书馆使用的工具要精细得多的工具。}

if any really serious advance was to be made ^{如果想取得任何真正重大的进展}

• Instruments were needed **if any really serious advance was to be made**.^{如果想取得任何真正重大的进展，就需要仪器。}
• Significant investment was required **if any really serious advance was to be made** in renewable energy.^{如果想在可再生能源领域取得任何真正重大的进展，就需要大量的投资。}

The ideal to be aimed at was to devise an instrument that could record with a pen on paper, the movements of the ground or of the table as the quake passed by.

the ideal to be aimed at ^{要达到的理想目标}

• **The ideal to be aimed at** was to devise an instrument that could record the movements of the ground.^{要达到的理想目标是设计出一种能用笔在纸上记录地面或桌子运动的仪器。}
• In education, **the ideal to be aimed at** is fostering critical thinking, not just memorization.^{在教育中，要达到的理想目标是培养批判性思维，而不仅仅是记忆。}

devise an instrument that could record ^{设计出一种能够记录的仪器}

• The ideal was to **devise an instrument that could record** with a pen on paper, the movements of the ground.^{理想目标是设计出一种能够用笔在纸上记录地面运动的仪器。}
• Scientists worked for years to **devise an instrument that could record** subtle shifts in tectonic plates.^{科学家们工作多年，旨在设计出一种能够记录构造板块微妙变化的仪器。}

as the quake passed by ^{当震动经过时}

• The movements of the ground or of the table **as the quake passed by**.^{当地面或桌子的运动在震动经过时发生。}
• The camera captured the stunning image **as the comet passed by** the Earth.^{当彗星经过地球时，这台相机捕捉到了令人惊叹的图像。}

While I write my pen moves, but the paper keeps still.

the paper keeps still ^{纸保持静止}

• While I write my pen moves, but **the paper keeps still**.^{当我写字时，我的笔在动，但纸保持静止。}
• The photographer used a tripod to ensure the camera **kept still** during the long exposure.^{摄影师使用三脚架确保相机在长时间曝光期间保持静止。}

With practice, no doubt, I could in time learn to write by holding the pen still while the paper moved.

with practice ^通过练习

• **With practice**, no doubt, I could in time learn to write.^{通过练习，毫无疑问，我最终可以学会书写。}
• **With practice**, complex coding becomes second nature.^{通过练习，复杂的编码会成为第二天性。}

in time ^{最终/随着时间的推移}

• I could **in time** learn to write by holding the pen still.^{我最终可以学会通过保持笔静止来进行书写。}
• If you remain patient, you will see results **in time**.^{如果你保持耐心，最终你会看到结果。}

by holding the pen still while the paper moved ^{通过保持笔静止而让纸移动}

• I could in time learn to write **by holding the pen still while the paper moved**.^{我最终可以学会通过保持笔静止而让纸移动来进行书写。}

That sounds a silly suggestion, but that was precisely the idea adopted in some of the early instruments (seismometers) for recording earthquake waves.

sounds a silly suggestion ^{听起来像一个愚蠢的建议}

• That **sounds a silly suggestion**, but that was precisely the idea adopted.^{那听起来像一个愚蠢的建议，但这恰恰是被采纳的想法。}
• His proposal to use a drone for delivery initially **sounded a silly suggestion**, but it proved effective.^{他提议使用无人机进行配送最初听起来像一个愚蠢的建议，但事实证明有效。}

precisely the idea adopted ^{恰恰是被采纳的想法}

• But that was **precisely the idea adopted** in some of the early instruments.^{但这恰恰是被采纳的想法，用于一些早期的仪器中。}
• The final design was **precisely the idea adopted** from the initial sketch.^{最终的设计恰恰是被采纳的来自最初草图的想法。}

for recording earthquake waves ^{用于记录地震波}

• The idea was adopted in some of the early instruments **for recording earthquake waves**.^{这个想法被采纳用于一些早期的仪器中，以记录地震波。}
• Special buoys are deployed at sea **for recording earthquake waves** and detecting tsunamis.^{专门的浮标被部署在海上，用于记录地震波和检测海啸。}

But when table, penholder and paper are all moving, how is it possible to write legibly?

are all moving ^都在移动

• But when table, penholder and paper **are all moving**, how is it possible to write legibly?^{但是当桌子、笔架和纸都在移动时，如何才能清晰地书写呢？}
• When all the tectonic plates **are all moving**, the risk of tremors increases.^{当所有构造板块都在移动时，发生震动的风险会增加。}

write legibly ^{清晰地书写}

• How is it possible to **write legibly**?^{如何才能清晰地书写呢？}
• The doctor's prescription was difficult to read, but the nurse managed to **write it legibly** for the pharmacist.^{医生的处方难以辨认，但护士设法为药剂师清晰地书写了出来。}

The key to a solution of that problem lay in an everyday observation.

the key to a solution of that problem ^{解决那个问题的关键}

• **The key to a solution of that problem** lay in an everyday observation.^{解决那个问题的关键在于一个日常观察。}
• Understanding the user experience is **the key to a solution of that problem**.^{理解用户体验是解决那个问题的关键。}

lay in an everyday observation ^{在于一个日常观察}

• The key to a solution of that problem **lay in an everyday observation**.^{解决那个问题的关键在于一个日常观察。}
• The breakthrough in the experiment **lay in an unexpected observation** made by a junior assistant.^{实验的突破在于一位初级助理做出的一个意想不到的观察。}

Why does a person standing in a bus or train tend to fall when a sudden start is made?

tend to fall ^{倾向于跌倒}

• Why does a person standing in a bus or train **tend to fall** when a sudden start is made?^{为什么站在公共汽车或火车上的人在突然启动时倾向于跌倒？}
• Young trees **tend to fall** in strong winds if their roots are not deep enough.^{如果根不够深，幼树在强风中倾向于跌倒。}

when a sudden start is made ^{当突然启动时}

• Why does a person standing in a bus or train tend to fall **when a sudden start is made**?^{为什么站在公共汽车或火车上的人在突然启动时倾向于跌倒？}

It is because his feet move on , but his head stays still.

feet move on ^{脚向前移动}

• It is because his **feet move on**.^{这是因为他的脚向前移动。}

head stays still ^{头保持静止}

• But his **head stays still**.^{但他的头保持静止。}
• During the earthquake drill, students were told to keep low and ensure their **head stayed still**.^{在地震演习期间，学生们被告知要保持低姿，并确保他们的头保持静止。}

A simple experiment will help us a little further.

will help us a little further ^{将帮助我们更进一步}

• A simple experiment **will help us a little further**.^{一个简单的实验将帮助我们更进一步。}
• Collecting more data **will help us a little further** in confirming the hypothesis.^{收集更多数据将帮助我们在确认假设方面更进一步。}

Tie a heavy weight at the end of a long piece of string.

tie a heavy weight ^{系上一个重物}

• **Tie a heavy weight** at the end of a long piece of string.^{在一根长长的绳子末端系上一个重物。}
• She had to **tie a heavy weight** to the corner of the tarp to keep it from blowing away.^{她不得不在防水布的角落系上一个重物，以防它被风吹走。}

With the hand held high in the air, hold the string so that the weight nearly touches the ground.

with the hand held high in the air ^{手高举在空中}

• **With the hand held high in the air**, hold the string.^{手高举在空中，抓住绳子。}
• The statue of the hero stands tall, **with the sword held high in the air**.^{英雄的雕像高高耸立，剑高举在空中。}

nearly touches the ground ^{几乎碰到地面}

• Hold the string so that the weight **nearly touches the ground**.^{抓住绳子，使重物几乎碰到地面。}
• The plane made an emergency landing, its wings **nearly touching the ground**.^{飞机紧急降落，机翼几乎碰到地面。}

Now move the hand to and fro and around but not up and down.

to and fro ^来回地

• Now move the hand **to and fro** and around but not up and down.^{现在将手来回地、绕圈移动，但不要上下移动。}
• The boat rocked **to and fro** on the choppy water.^{船在波涛汹涌的水面上来回摇晃。}

around ^{绕圈地/周围}

• Move the hand to and fro and **around** but not up and down.^{将手来回地、绕圈移动，但不要上下移动。}
• We walked **around** the perimeter of the field for exercise.^{我们绕着田地的周长走了一圈进行锻炼。}

but not up and down ^{但不要上下地}

• Now move the hand to and fro and around **but not up and down**.^{现在将手来回地、绕圈移动，但不要上下移动。}
• The crane can move forward and backward, **but not up and down**.^{起重机可以向前和向后移动，但不能上下移动。}

It will be found that the weight moves but slightly or not at all.

moves but slightly ^{只移动一点点/移动得很少}

• It will be found that the weight **moves but slightly** or not at all.^{会发现重物只移动一点点或根本不动。}
• The needle on the gauge **moved but slightly**, indicating a minor change.^{仪表上的指针只移动了一点点，表明变化很小。}

not at all ^{根本不/完全不}

• The weight moves but slightly or **not at all**.^{重物只移动一点点或根本不动。}
• I am **not at all** concerned about the outcome of the competition.^{我根本不担心比赛的结果。}

Imagine a pen attached to the weight in such a way that its point rests upon a piece of paper on the floor.

attached to the weight ^{连接到重物上} 

• Imagine a pen **attached to the weight** in such a way that its point rests upon the paper.^{想象一支笔连接到重物上，以至于它的笔尖停留在地板上的纸上。}
• The warning label was securely **attached to the product**.^{警告标签牢固地连接到产品上。}

in such a way that... ^{以至于…的方式}

• Imagine a pen attached to the weight **in such a way that** its point rests upon a piece of paper.^{想象一支笔连接到重物上，以至于它的笔尖停留在地板上的纸上。}
• She arranged the lights **in such a way that** they highlighted the painting perfectly.^{她以至于它们完美地突显出画作的方式布置了灯光。}

rests upon a piece of paper ^{停留在/落在纸上}

• Its point **rests upon a piece of paper** on the floor.^{它的笔尖停留在地板上的一张纸上。}
• The weary traveler finally allowed his head to **rest upon the soft pillow**.^{疲惫的旅行者终于允许他的头停留在柔软的枕头上。}

Imagine an earthquake shock shaking the floor, the paper, you and your hand.

shaking the floor, the paper, you and your hand ^{摇动地板、纸、你和你的手}

• Imagine an earthquake shock **shaking the floor, the paper, you and your hand**.^{想象一次地震震动摇动着地板、纸、你和你的手。}

In the midst of all this movement, the weight and the pen would be still.

in the midst of ^{在…之中/在…当中}

• **In the midst of all this movement**, the weight and the pen would be still.^{在所有这些移动之中，重物和笔会是静止的。}
• **In the midst of the chaos**, she remained surprisingly calm.^{在混乱之中，她出奇地保持着冷静。}

would be still ^{会是静止的}

• The weight and the pen **would be still**.^{重物和笔会是静止的。}

But as the paper moved from side to side under the pen point, its movement would be recorded in ink upon its surface.

moved from side to side ^左右移动

• But as the paper **moved from side to side** under the pen point.^{但随着纸张在笔尖下左右移动。}
• The car started to slide and **moved from side to side** on the icy road.^{汽车开始打滑并在结冰的道路上左右移动。}

would be recorded in ink upon its surface ^{它的运动会以墨水的形式被记录在它的表面上}

• Its movement **would be recorded in ink upon its surface**.^{它的运动会以墨水的形式被记录在它的表面上。}
• The data from the sensor **would be recorded in ink upon the chart**.^{来自传感器的数据会以墨水的形式被记录在图表上。}

It was upon this principle that the first instruments were made, but the paper was wrapped round a drum which rotated slowly.

it was upon this principle that... were made ^{正是基于这个原理，…被制造出来}

• **It was upon this principle that the first instruments were made**.^{正是基于这个原理，第一批仪器被制造了出来。}
• **It was upon this principle that the new engine was designed**.^{正是基于这个原理，新引擎被设计了出来。}

wrapped round a drum ^{缠绕在一个鼓筒周围}

• But the paper was **wrapped round a drum** which rotated slowly.^{但纸张缠绕在一个缓慢旋转的鼓筒周围。}
• The electrical cable was neatly **wrapped round a drum** before shipping.^{电缆在运输前被整齐地缠绕在一个鼓筒周围。}

rotated slowly ^{缓慢地旋转}

• A drum which **rotated slowly**.^{一个缓慢旋转的鼓筒。}
• The large fan blades **rotated slowly**, circulating the cool air.^{大风扇叶片缓慢地旋转，循环着冷空气。}

As long as all was still, the pen drew a straight line, but while the drum was being shaken, the line that the pen was drawing wriggled from side to side.

as long as all was still ^{只要一切保持静止}

• **As long as all was still**, the pen drew a straight line.^{只要一切保持静止，笔就会画出一条直线。}
• **As long as all was still** with the patient, the doctor decided to wait.^{只要病人的情况一切保持静止，医生决定等待。}

the line... wriggled from side to side ^{线条…左右扭动}

• The line that the pen was drawing **wriggled from side to side**.^{笔所画的线条左右扭动。}
• When the signal became weak, the image on the screen **wriggled from side to side**.^{当信号变弱时，屏幕上的图像左右扭动。}

was being shaken ^{正在被摇动（过去进行时被动语态）}

• But while the drum **was being shaken**, the line wriggled from side to side.^{但在鼓筒正在被摇动时，线条左右扭动。}
• He couldn't hear the instructions clearly because the room **was being shaken** by the nearby construction.^{他听不清指示，因为房间正在被附近的施工摇动。}

The apparatus thus described, however, records only the horizontal component of the wave movement, which is, in fact, much more complicated.

thus described ^{如此描述的}

• The apparatus **thus described**, however, records only the horizontal component.^{然而，如此描述的设备只记录波浪运动的水平分量。}
• The process **thus described** requires specialized tools.^{如此描述的过程需要专门的工具。}

records only the horizontal component ^{只记录水平分量}

• The apparatus records only the **horizontal component** of the wave movement.^{该设备只记录波浪运动的水平分量。}
• The basic seismometer **records only the horizontal component**, missing the vertical movement.^{基本的地震仪只记录水平分量，错过了垂直运动。}

in fact, much more complicated ^{事实上，复杂得多}

• Which is, **in fact, much more complicated**.^{而这，事实上，复杂得多。}
• While the surface looks smooth, the underlying mechanism is, **in fact, much more complicated**.^{虽然表面看起来很光滑，但底层的机制事实上复杂得多。}

If we could actually see the path described by a particle, such as a sand grain in the rock, it would be more like that of a bluebottle buzzing round the room; it would be up and down, to and fro and from side to side.

the path described by a particle ^{一个粒子所描述的路径}

• If we could actually see **the path described by a particle**, it would be more complicated.^{如果我们真的能看到一个粒子所描述的路径，它会更复杂。}
• Scientists used advanced imaging to trace **the path described by a photon**.^{科学家们使用先进的成像技术来追踪一个光子所描述的路径。}

more like that of a bluebottle buzzing round the room ^{更像是蓝头苍蝇在房间里嗡嗡飞的路径}

• It would be **more like that of a bluebottle buzzing round the room**.^{它会更像是蓝头苍蝇在房间里嗡嗡飞的路径。}

up and down, to and fro and from side to side ^{上下、来回、左右}

• It would be **up and down, to and fro and from side to side**.^{它会是上下、来回、左右的。}
• The boat was tossed violently **up and down, to and fro and from side to side** by the storm.^{船在暴风雨中被猛烈地上下、来回、左右抛掷。}

Instruments have been devised and can be so placed that all three elements can be recorded in different graphs.

instruments have been devised ^{仪器已被设计出来}

• **Instruments have been devised** and can be so placed that all three elements can be recorded.^{仪器已被设计出来，并且可以被如此放置，以至于所有三个元素都可以被记录。}
• Sophisticated algorithms and **instruments have been devised** to analyze the vast data set.^{复杂的算法和仪器已被设计出来，用于分析庞大的数据集。}

can be so placed that... ^{可以如此放置，以至于…}

• Instruments **can be so placed that all three elements can be recorded in different graphs**.^{仪器可以如此放置，以至于所有三个元素都可以在不同的图表中被记录。}
• The mirrors **can be so placed that** they reflect light into the darkest corners of the room.^{镜子可以如此放置，以至于它们将光线反射到房间最黑暗的角落。}

all three elements ^{所有三个元素/分量}

• All **three elements** can be recorded in different graphs.^{所有三个元素都可以在不同的图表中被记录。}

When the instrument is situated at more than 700 miles from the earthquake centre, the graphic record shows three waves arriving one after the other at short intervals.

be situated at ^位于

• When the instrument **is situated at** more than 700 miles from the earthquake centre.^{当仪器位于距地震中心700多英里之外时。}
• The remote research station **is situated at** the foot of the mountains.^{这个偏远的研究站位于山脚下。}

more than 700 miles from the earthquake centre ^{距地震中心700多英里}

• The instrument is situated at **more than 700 miles from the earthquake centre**.^{仪器位于距地震中心700多英里。}
• The emergency shelter was established **more than 700 miles from the disaster zone**.^{紧急避难所建立在距灾区700多英里之外。}

one after the other ^{一个接一个地}

• The graphic record shows three waves arriving **one after the other** at short intervals.^{图表记录显示有三个波浪一个接一个地，以短间隔到达。}
• The athletes crossed the finish line **one after the other**.^{运动员们一个接一个地冲过终点线。}

at short intervals ^以短间隔

• Three waves arriving one after the other **at short intervals**.^{三个波浪一个接一个地，以短间隔到达。}
• The security camera took pictures **at short intervals** throughout the night.^{这台安全摄像机整晚都以短间隔拍照。}

The first records the arrival of longitudinal vibrations.

records the arrival of ^{记录…的到达}

• The first **records the arrival of longitudinal vibrations**.^{第一个记录了纵向振动的到达。}
• The sensor **records the arrival of** the first seismic activity.^{传感器记录了首次地震活动的到达。}

longitudinal vibrations ^纵向振动

• The first records the arrival of **longitudinal vibrations**.^{第一个记录了纵向振动的到达。}

The second marks the arrival of transverse vibrations which travel more slowly and arrive several minutes after the first.

marks the arrival of ^{标志着…的到达}

• The second **marks the arrival of transverse vibrations**.^{第二个标志着横向振动的到达。}
• The loud whistle **marks the arrival of** the express train.^{响亮的汽笛声标志着特快列车的到达。}

travel more slowly ^{传播得更慢}

• Transverse vibrations which **travel more slowly** and arrive several minutes after the first.^{横向振动传播得更慢，并在第一个波浪到达后几分钟才到达。}
• Sound waves **travel more slowly** than light waves.^{声波传播得比光波慢。}

arrive several minutes after the first ^{在第一个波浪到达后几分钟才到达}

• Transverse vibrations **arrive several minutes after the first**.^{横向振动在第一个波浪到达后几分钟才到达。}

These two have travelled through the earth.

have travelled through the earth ^{穿过地球传播}

• These two **have travelled through the earth**.^{这两个波浪是穿过地球传播的。}
• The deep-sea currents **have travelled through the ocean** basins for millennia.^{深海洋流穿过洋盆传播了数千年。}

It was from the study of these that so much was learnt about the interior of the earth.

It was from... that... (Cleft Sentence) ^{正是通过…才…（分裂句强调结构）}

• **It was from the study of these that** so much was learnt about the interior of the earth.^{正是通过对这些波浪的研究，才学到了这么多关于地球内部的知识。}
• **It was from her mother that** she inherited her passion for music.^{正是从她母亲那里，她继承了她对音乐的热情。}

so much was learnt about the interior of the earth ^{学到了这么多关于地球内部的知识}

• It was from the study of these that **so much was learnt about the interior of the earth**.^{正是通过对这些波浪的研究，才学到了这么多关于地球内部的知识。}
• Through advanced drilling techniques, **so much was learnt about the composition of the deep crust**.^{通过先进的钻探技术，学到了这么多关于深层地壳组成的知识。}

The third, or main wave, is the slowest and has travelled round the earth through the surface rocks.

the third, or main wave ^{第三个，也就是主波}

• **The third, or main wave**, is the slowest and has travelled round the earth.^{第三个，也就是主波，是最慢的，它穿过地表岩石绕着地球传播。}

is the slowest ^是最慢的

• The third, or main wave, **is the slowest**.^{第三个，也就是主波，是最慢的。}
• Despite using the latest technology, this process **is the slowest** part of the production line.^{尽管使用了最新的技术，这个过程仍然是生产线上最慢的部分。}

has travelled round the earth through the surface rocks ^{穿过地表岩石绕着地球传播}

• The main wave **has travelled round the earth through the surface rocks**.^{主波穿过地表岩石绕着地球传播。}
• The explorers planned a route that **had travelled round the continent through the coastal regions**.^{探险家们规划了一条穿过沿海地区绕着大陆传播的路线。}