physiological [ˌfiziəˈlɔdʒikəl] adj. 生理的
【派】physiologically 生理上
【搭】physiological hygiene 生理卫生
* * *
A: These physiological changes will result in a wide range of diseases.
B: Is there anything I can do now?
A：这些生理上的变化会导致一系列的疾病。
B：现在我能做些什么吗？
* * *
maximum [ˈmæksiməm] adj. 最大限度的
consideration [kənˌsidəˈreiʃən] n. 考虑
【扩】ponderation 考虑
【搭】under consideration 在考虑之中
* * *
A: I hope you can take our products into consideration.
B: Can you show me your products?
A：希望你能考虑我们的产品。
B：你能把你们的产品给我展示一下吗？
* * *
descendant [diˈsendənt] n. 子孙，后代
【扩】posterity 后代 offspring 后代
* * *
A: It's said that he is a descendant of Confucius.
B: I think it's only a joke.
A：据说他是孔子的后裔。
B：我想这只不过是个玩笑罢了。
* * *
artificial [ˌɑːtiˈfiʃəl] n. 人工的
【派】artificialize 人工化
【扩】factitious 人为的 factitial 人工的
【搭】artificial lake 人工湖
【例】We want to visit more historic resorts but fewer artificial spots.
我们也想多参观历史古迹，少看些人造景点。
impose [imˈpəuz] v. 强加
【搭】impose upon 强加于
* * *
A: We cannot impose our will upon other people.
B: Yes, that will make all of us unhappy.
A：我们不能把我们的意志强加于其他人身上。
B：是的，这会让我们大家都不开心。
* * *
dimension [diˈmenʃən] n. 直径
skyscraper [ˈskaiˌskreipə] n. 摩天大厦
tenant [ˈtenənt] n. 租户
【扩】tenement 廉租公寓
* * *
A: I'm relieved to have you to be my tenant.
B: Thanks. I'll take good care of the house.
A：你成为我的租户我很放心。
B：谢谢，我会照看好您的房子的。
* * *
civilized [ˈsivilaizd] adj. 文明的
banal [bəˈnɑːl] adj. 平庸的
【派】banality 平庸
【扩】trite 平凡的 mediocre 平庸的
* * *
A: The restaurant serves banal food.
B: Yes, some of the dishes are even terrible.
A：那家饭馆供给的饭菜全无特色。
B：是的，有的菜甚至还很难吃。
* * *
luxury [ˈlʌkʃəri] n. 豪华
deprive [diˈpraiv] v. 剥夺
【派】deprivation 剥夺
【扩】devest 剥夺（权利、财产、头衔） deplume 剥夺（权利、财产）
【搭】deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物
【例】Sickness deprived her of the pleasure of dancing.
疾病剥夺了跳舞所能给她带来的快乐。
monstrous [ˈmɔnstrəs] adj. 畸形的
【搭】a monstrous creature 一种怪异的生物 a monstrous man 身材高大的人
edifice [ˈedifis] n. 大厦
【扩】mansion 大厦 apartment building 公寓大楼
* * *
A: Our company is in that edifice.
B: Which floor is your company on?
A：我们公司在那栋大厦里。
B：你们公司在几楼？
* * *
toxic [ˈtɔksik] adj. 有毒的
【扩】deleterious 有毒的 venomous 有毒的
* * *
A: What did you want to say just now?
B: Be careful when you do the experiment with the toxic chemical.
A：你刚刚想说什么？
B：用有毒的化学药品做实验的时候你要格外小心。
* * *
ceaselessly [ˈsiːslisli] adv. 不停地
throng [θrɔŋ] v. 挤满，拥塞
adjective [原级]生理的，生理机能的；生理学的 - Thinking angry thoughts can provoke strong physiological arousal.
adjective [原级]最大限度的；（数量）极大的，极多的 - Under planning law the maximum height for a fence or hedge is 6 feet.
noun [抽象名词]最大量，最大限度 - The law provides for a maximum of two years in prison.
adverb [程度副词]最多，充其量 - We need an extra 6 grams a day maximum.
noun [具体名词]考虑，斟酌；考虑因素；体贴，关心；报酬，酬金；（合同协议中的）对价，约因；<旧>重要（性） - There should be careful consideration about the use of such toxic chemicals.
consideration n.考虑
- The district is under consideration for designation as a conservation area. 正在考虑将这个地区指定为保护区。
- There should be careful consideration about the use of such toxic chemicals. 应有对这些有毒化学品的使用的慎重考虑。
- He has decided to prosecute her after careful consideration of all the relevant facts. 他仔细考虑了所有相关事实后，决定起诉她。
| give consideration to sth. 考虑某事 | Please give careful consideration to the question. 请仔细考虑这个问题。 |
|---|---|
| merit/deserve consideration 值得考虑 | The plans merit/deserve serious consideration. 这些计划值得认真考虑。 |
| under consideration 考虑之中 | There are several amendments under consideration. 有几项修正案正在考虑之中。 |
| beneath consideration 不值得考虑 | It is a matter beneath consideration. 这是一件不值得考虑的事情。 |
| take … into consideration / account 把…考虑进去 | We must take all the variables into consideration/account before making a decision. 我们在做决定之前必须把所有变量都考虑进去。 |
noun [集合/集体]后裔，子孙；派生物，衍生物 - Something modern which developed from an older thing can be called a descendant of it.
adjective [原级]下降的；祖传的 - These adaptations served their descendant well as they invaded land.
descendant n. 后裔，子孙
- He is a direct descendant of Confucius. 他是孔子的直系后代。
- His design was a descendant of a 1956 device. 他的设计是1956年一个装置的衍生物。
- You can do this by using descendant selectors. [计算机编程]为此可使用后代选择器。
| offspring 后代，子孙；产物 (单数同形) | There are frequent conflicts between parents and their offspring. 父母和他们的后代之间经常发生冲突。 |
|---|---|
| posterity 子孙，后裔；后代 | These works of art are preserved for posterity. 这些艺术品被保存下来留给后代。 |
| ancestor 始祖，祖先 | Our family can trace its ancestors back to the 17th century. 我们家族可以追溯到17世纪的祖先。 |
| forefather 祖先；前辈 | Our forefathers established this town over two centuries ago. 我们的祖先在两个多世纪前建立了这座城镇。 |
| forebear 祖先；祖宗 | She often spoke of the hardships faced by her forebears. 她经常谈起她的祖先所面临的困境。 |
| predecessor 前任，前辈 | Bill Clinton is George W. Bush’s predecessor. 比尔·克林顿是乔治·W·布什的前任。 |
| successor 继承者；后续的事物 | George W. Bush is Bill Clinton's successor. 乔治·W·布什是比尔·克林顿的继任者。 |
| be descended from … 是…的后代 | We are all descended from Yandi and Huangdi. 我们都是炎帝和黄帝的后代。 |
| be descendants of … 是…的后代 (名词用法) | We are all descendants of Yandi and Huangdi. 我们都是炎帝和黄帝的后代。 |
adjective [原级]人造的，人工的；人为的；不真挚的，矫揉造作的 - An artificial state or situation exists only because someone has created it, and therefore often seems unnatural or unnecessary.
artificial flowers / limbs / intelligence(AI) / respiration 人造花/假肢/人工智能/人工呼吸
- The doctor performed artificial respiration to revive the patient. 医生进行了人工呼吸来救活病人。
| synthetic fibers/rubber 合成纤维/合成橡胶 (强调化学合成) | Most of the clothing on sale is made from synthetic fibers. 商店里出售的大部分衣物都是由合成纤维制成的。 |
|---|---|
| simulated fur / jewels 仿制毛皮/仿制珠宝 (暗示廉价) | She wore a coat made of beautiful simulated fur. 她穿了一件由漂亮的仿制毛皮制成的外套。 |
| false hair / teeth 假发/假牙 (非天生的；人造的) | After losing a tooth, he had to get false teeth fitted. 掉了一颗牙后，他不得不装上假牙。 |
| fake / counterfeit money 假钞 (假冒的，伪造的) | The police arrested a gang for passing counterfeit money. 警方逮捕了一个使用假钞的团伙。 |
| forged signature 伪造的签名 (伪造的) | The bank detected that the document contained a forged signature. 银行发现该文件包含一个伪造的签名。 |
| pirated CDs / books / software 盗版光盘/盗版书籍/盗版软件 (盗版的) | Selling pirated software is a serious violation of copyright law. 销售盗版软件是对版权法的严重侵犯。 |
verb [vt. 及物动词]强制推行，强制实行；把（自己的观点、信仰等）强加于；打扰，麻烦；把（活字页）拼版；欺骗 - If you impose your opinions or beliefs on other people, you try and make people accept them as a rule or as a model to copy.
impose/force sth. on/upon sb. 把…强加给某人
| be forced upon sb. 被强加给某人 | It was not forced upon them by the survival competition. |
|---|---|
| exert sth. on/upon sb. 对某人施加… (尤指影响、压力等) |
|
| inflict sth. on/upon sb. 把…（痛苦的事/不受欢迎的事）强加给某人 |
|
noun [抽象名词]大小，尺寸；（空间的）维度；范围，规模；方面，部分 - There is a political dimension to the accusations.
verb [vt. 及物动词]切削（或制作）成特定尺寸；标出尺寸 - You will open a new dimension to your life.
noun [专属名词]摩天大楼 - The skyscraper towers into the clouds.
skyscraper n. 摩天大楼
- New York City is famous for its towering skyscrapers. 纽约市因其高耸的摩天大楼而闻名。
- Many residents prefer to live in modern high-rise apartment buildings. 许多居民更喜欢住在现代的超高层公寓楼里。
- The cathedral is a massive stone edifice built centuries ago. 这座大教堂是一座建于几个世纪前的大型石制建筑。
| mansion 公馆；宅第 (n.) | They bought a beautiful old mansion on the outskirts of the city. 他们在城市郊区买了一栋漂亮的老公馆。 |
|---|---|
| detached house 独立屋；独立别墅 | Most families in the suburb live in a spacious detached house. 郊区的大多数家庭都住在一栋宽敞的独立屋里。 |
| Villa 度假别墅 (n.) | They rented a seaside Villa for their summer holiday. 他们租了一栋海边别墅来度暑假。 |
| semi-detached house 半独立屋；半独立式住宅 | A semi-detached house is cheaper than a fully detached one. 半独立屋比完全独立的房子便宜。 |
| row house/town house 联排别墅；城内住宅 | She grew up in a narrow row house in the historic part of the city. 她在城市历史街区的一栋狭窄的联排别墅里长大。 |
| bungalow 平房；小屋 (n.) | The elderly couple moved into a small bungalow for easier access. 这对老年夫妇搬进了一间小平房以便于出入。 |
| cottage 小屋；村舍 (n.) | We spent the weekend relaxing in a cozy little cottage by the lake. 我们在湖边一栋舒适的小屋里度过了周末。 |
| hut 小屋 (n.) | The shepherd lived alone in a wooden hut high up in the mountains. 牧羊人独自一人住在高山上的一个小木屋里。 |
| Igloo 冰屋 (n.) | The Inuit people traditionally built temporary shelters known as Igloos. 因纽特人传统上会建造被称为冰屋的临时住所。 |
noun [专属名词]房客，租户；<法律>业主 - Regulations placed clear obligations on the landlord for the benefit of the tenant.
verb [vt. 及物动词]（作为租赁者）居住，工作 - The decorating was done by a previous tenant.
noun [专属名词]【名】 （Tenant）特南（人名） - The rent is a matter for negotiation between the landlord and the tenant.
adjective [原级]文明的，开化的；有法制伦理的，有道德的；有礼貌的，举止得体的；（生活）惬意的，愉快舒适的 - I believed that in civilized countries, torture had ended long ago.
verb [vt. 及物动词]使文明，使开化；教化，熏陶；改善（civilize 的过去分词） - Without unwritten rules civilized life would be impossible.
adjective [原级]平淡无奇的，平庸的，陈腐的 - The text is banal.
noun [专属名词]【名】 （Banal）（法、意）巴纳尔（人名） - The lyrics of the song are embarrassingly banal.
noun [抽象名词]奢华，华贵；奢侈品；不常有的乐趣，难得的享受 - A luxury is something expensive which is not necessary but which gives you pleasure.
adjective [原级]奢侈的，豪华的 - A luxury item is something expensive which is not necessary but which gives you pleasure.
verb [vt. 及物动词]剥夺，使丧失；免去……的职务（尤指圣职） - They've been deprived of the fuel necessary to heat their homes.
deprive v. 剥夺
- Some criminals are deprived of political rights. 一些罪犯被剥夺了政治权利(be deprived of sth.)
- A man without an education is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest opportunities.
- Why should you deprive yourself of such simple pleasures? 你为什么连这种简单的娱乐也不让自己享受一下呢？ deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某事 (一般指权利)
| strip/divest sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某事 | The scandal led the committee to strip/divest him of his title. 这场丑闻导致委员会剥夺了他的头衔。 |
|---|---|
| dispossess sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某事 (只能指财产) | The nobles were dispossessed of their estates. 那些贵族被剥夺了他们的地产。 |
| disinherit sb. 剥夺继承权 | He has disinherited his eldest son. 他剥夺了他大儿子的继承权。 |
| the disinherited 被剥夺继承权的人；被剥夺权利的人 | Hart’s good-bad man was always an outsider, always one of the disinherited. |
| deprived 贫穷的；贫困的 (adj.) | Children from economically deprived areas often face greater challenges. 来自经济贫困地区的儿童往往面临更大的挑战。 |
| disadvantaged 弱势的；社会地位低下的 (adj.) | The program aims to help disadvantaged young people find employment. 该项目旨在帮助弱势青少年找到工作。 |
| underprivileged 贫困的；被剥夺基本权力的 (adj.) | The charity provides education for underprivileged children. 这家慈善机构为贫困儿童提供教育。 |
| impoverished 贫乏的；贫瘠的；枯竭的 (adj.) | Years of conflict left the nation impoverished and struggling. 多年的冲突使这个国家变得贫困不堪，举步维艰。 |
| destitute 贫困的；赤贫的 (adj.) | The war left thousands of families destitute, with no food or shelter. 战争使得成千上万的家庭一贫如洗，没有食物或住所。 |
adjective [原级]不公正道德的，残忍的；巨大的，庞大的；丑陋的，骇人的 - His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.
noun [专属名词]大厦；大建筑物 - The taxi driver reeled off a list of historic edifices they must not fail to visit.
adjective [原级]有毒的，引起中毒的；令人极不愉快的，极其有害的，恶毒的；中毒的，中毒性的；（财政）（债务）有毒的，风险高的；（证券）有毒的 - If a financial asset is described as toxic, it is likely to cause significant loss to the holder.
noun [抽象名词]有毒物质，毒药（toxics） - In "Toxic II," the hero windsurfs to Japan.
adverb [程度副词]不停地 - Art is so multifarious, so ceaselessly changing.
noun [集合/集体]一大群，众多 - An official pushed through the throng.
verb [vi. 不及物动词]蜂拥，群集 - The crowds thronged into the stadium.
adjective [原级]<苏格兰，北英格兰>拥挤的 - We pushed our way through the throng.
throng v. 挤满人
- Tourists thronged the Imperial Palace.
- Then the traffic disappeared and the throng on both sides of the road fell silent. 接着交通停止了，路两旁聚集的人们静了下来。
- Perhaps you normally prefer to work alone, but now want to immerse yourself in the throng. 也许通常你喜欢单独一人工作，但是现在你更想把自己淹没在人群中。
| be thronged / crowded / packed with … 被挤满了… | The streets were thronged / crowded / packed with Christmas shoppers. |
|---|---|
| be swarming / teeming with … 挤满了… | The campus was swarming / teeming with students. |