Lesson 14 The Butterfly Effect蝴蝶效应 祈使句 并列句

The Butterfly Effect

butterfly ^{蝴蝶；蝶泳；举止轻浮的人；追求享乐的人}

• She is known as a social butterfly.^{社交蝴蝶（指举止轻浮或追求享乐的人）、交际花}
• The children chased a beautiful yellow butterfly in the garden.
• He is an expert in the butterfly stroke.

chaos theory ^混沌理论

Chaos theory suggests that small changes in initial conditions can lead to large-scale and unpredictable variation in the future state of the system.

• The Butterfly Effect is a frequent metaphor for one aspect of chaos theory.
• The principle illustrates how minor initial differences can be amplified, leading to widely diverging outcomes.

Beyond two or three days, the world's best weather forecasts are speculative, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.

Beyond ^{prep. after …; later than …} 

• Beyond two or three days, the world's best weather forecasts are speculative.

speculative ^{推测性的；投机的}

• If so, they would gain speculative profits. ^{这样的话，它们就有可能获得投机性收益。}
• Liquidity inflow fuelled speculative demand. ^{资金流入刺激投机性需求。}
• Venture capital transmogrified into speculative fever. ^{风险资本改头换面进入投机热。}

worthless ^{没有价值的(valueless、useless、...of no earthly use、totally useless)}

• They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless.
• Critics say his paintings are worthless. ^{批评家说他的画毫无价值。}
• Constant rejections made him feel worthless. ^{不断地遭到拒绝使他觉得一无是处。}

The Butterfly Effect is the reason.

The reason is because of the Butterfly Effect. X ^{reason和because重复}

reason for / behind ^{背后的原因}

• The Butterfly Effect is the reason for / behind it. ^替换
• What is the reason for his sudden departure?
• She explained the reason behind her decision.

For small pieces of weather -- and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and blizzards -- any prediction deteriorates rapidly.

mean ^{v.be likely to result in … 导致、意味着…}

• The merger will mean the eventual closure of the company’s Shanghai Office.^{将意味着公司上海办事处的最终关闭}
• This delay will mean a lot of extra work for everyone. ^{将意味着大量的额外工作}
•  It would almost certainly mean the end of NATO.  ^{这的确几乎导致北大西洋公约组织的终结。}

deteriorate ^{vi. 恶化，变坏 ; vt. 恶化}

• … any prediction gets worse / degenerates / becomes inaccurate rapidly. 
• The situation is expected to deteriorate in the coming years. ^{预计这种局面在未来数年还会恶化。}
• Most importantly, buildings need love if they are not to deteriorate. ^{最重要的是，建筑需要爱护才不会老化。}

Errors and uncertainties multiply, cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features, from dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see.

multiply ^{v.to increase by a large amount or number, or to make sth. do this （使）大幅增加}

• Within the last 10 years, both sales and profits have multiplied.^大幅增加
• Smoking multiplies the risk of heart attacks.^{成倍增加了心脏病发作的风险}
• This will multiply our chances of success. ^{这将增加我们成功的机会。}

a chain of... ^一连串的 

• Life is a chain of moments of enjoyment, not only about survival. ^{生活是一串串的快乐时光，我们不仅仅是为了生存而生存。}
• She had a train of thought.^{一连串的想法}
• He suffered a string of defeats.^{一连串的失败}
• We endured a succession of cold days.^{一连串的寒冷日子}

feature ^{n. characteristic 特征（指人为五官、指物为特点）}

• The house has many appealing features.^{吸引人的特征}
• The climate is a key feature of this region.

from A up to B ^{从A一直到B}

• The survey covers everyone from teenagers up to the elderly.^{从青少年一直到老年人}
• The prices range from $10 up to $100.^{从10美元一直到100美元}

The modern weather models work with a grid of points of the order of 60 miles apart, and even so, some starting data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere.

work ^{v.(of a machine, device, etc) function; operate （指机器、设备等）运作，运转}

• This machine works by electricity.^{靠电力运作}
• The delete key doesn't work.^不起作用

grid ^{n.a pattern of straight lines that cross each other to form squares （地图上的）坐标方格}

• Streets laid out on a grid pattern.
• The city has streets laid out on a grid pattern.^{街道按网格模式布置}
• We located the position on the grid.^坐标方格

of / in / on the order of...  ^{大约、大概(approximately)}

• a figure in the order of $7 million
• Her salary is of the order of $150 a week.
• And the available volume is on the order of meters cubed. ^{整个可用的空间体积有立方米的数量级。}
• They borrowed something in the order of $10 million. ^{他们大约借了一千万美元。}
• But is this simply part of the order of Nature? ^{但这是自然法则吗？}
• The house cost him something on the order of $200,000.

starting ^{adj. beginning 最初的}

• ...some starting data^{一些初始数据} has to be guessed...

But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere.

space ^{v.将...均匀隔开}

• Space your workouts two days apart to avoid sore muscles.
• Bean plants should be spaced three inches apart.^{应该间隔三英寸}
• The columns are spaced evenly along the wall.

all the way ^一直...

• He ran all the way home.^{他一路跑回家}
• Eventually the turtle has been butted all the way down to the floor of the tank.
• The noise could be heard all the way down the street.^{在整条街上都能听到}

Suppose every sensor gives perfectly accurate readings of temperature, pressure, humidity, and any other quantity a meteorologist would want.

reading ^读数

• read the meter ^查表
• The nurse took the patient's vital readings.^{生命体征读数}
• We need to take the meter reading before leaving.

(Suppose) Precisely at noon an infinitely powerful computer takes all the data and calculates what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03...

Precisely at noon ^{正午时分(12点整)}

• Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar opened the door. ^{两点半的时候，有人敲门。拉马尔开了门。}
• It is precisely at this juncture that the boss finds himself in double jeopardy. ^{恰恰在这个关键时刻，上司发现自己处于进退两难的境地。}
• It is difficult to measure the density of rocks precisely at every part of the mountain region. ^{而要准确的测定各部分岩石密度又是十分困难的。}

infinite ^{无限的，无穷的；无数的；极大的}

• The universe is infinite.^无限的
• The technology has been working well for me at the office, but there are infinite applications. ^{这项技术在我的办公室里运行得很好，但它有无限的应用。}
• Never lose your heart and continue to explore life since it is full of infinite possibilities. ^{永远不要灰心，要继续探索生活，因为它充满了无限的可能。}

calculate ^计算

• Can you calculate the total cost of these items? ^{你能计算出这些物品的总成本吗？} 
• Can you work out the total cost? 

The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away.

unable to do sth. ^{不能做某事}

• The team was unable to score in the second half.
• I was unable to attend the conference due to illness.

one month / week / year away ^{一个月以后}

• Ross and Emily set a wedding date just one month away. ^{罗斯和艾米丽计划下个月结婚。}
• The election is only one week away. There are rallies all over town tonight. ^{只剩一个星期就要选举了。今晚全城各地都有群众大会。}
• London's games are a mere two years away. ^{距伦敦奥运会开幕仅剩两年的时间。}
• Cant believe we are two days away from 2027. ^{不敢相信离2027还有两天了.}

At noon the spaces between the sensors will hide fluctuations that the computer will not know about, tiny deviations from the average.

fluctuations ^{波动，起伏}

• We observed constant fluctuations in the stock market.
• Temperature fluctuations can affect the experiment's results.

deviations from the average ^{与平均值的偏差}

• Any deviation from the standard procedure must be reported.
• The quality control checked for deviations from the norm.

By 12.01, those fluctuations will already have created small errors one foot away.

already have created ^{已经造成了（将来完成时）}

• By next month, I will already have finished the entire project.
• By the time he arrives, they will already have left.

Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.

multiplied ^大幅增加

• Our problems have multiplied since last year. ^{自去年以来，我们的问题成倍增加。}
• It's an administrative sham of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years. ^{这是一种行政骗局，在过去30年里该骗局不断激增。}

scale ^{程度、规模、范围}

• The scale of the fighting is almost unimaginable. ^{战斗的规模几乎难以想像。}
• There is no precedent for a disaster of this scale. ^{这种规模的灾难是空前的。}
• What began as a minor scuffle turned into a full-scale riot. ^{开始的小冲突演变成了大规模的暴乱。}

and so on ^等等

• We discussed everything—when to go, what to see and so on. ^{我们什么都商量过了—什么时候走、看什么等等。}
• Don't forget about texts, emails, and so on. ^{不要忘记短信、邮件等等。}
• There is tutoring, sports clubs and so on. ^{有补习班、体育俱乐部等等。}

global size ^{全世界规模}

• Global regions are weighted by the size of their GDP. ^{而衡量世界国家地区规模的标准是GDP。}
• That is the size of the global telecom market. ^{而这就是全球电信市场的规模。}
• Still, while the size and reach of global illicit industries can seem overwhelming, there are signs of hope. ^{尽管全球非法产业的规模越来越大，分布越来越广，我们依旧能够看到希望。}